Medical Marijuana Essay Example for Free

health check examination Marijuana EssayMarijuana is the finest anti-na theatrical rolea medication known to science, and our leaders turn in lied about this consistently. Arresting people for medical examination cannabis is the most hideous example of government interference in the private lives of individuals. Its an outrage within an outrage within an outrage. barb McW afflictediams Author and Advocate for Medical MarijuanaMedical Marijuana has found its place once again as the medical plant that is recognized for its heal potential and properties. How the politics has suppressed its positive potential and healing powers for over 25 years. With the help from many a(prenominal) patients, loved ones, research departments and advocate groups to get the authoritiess attention to see and understand that the termin entirelyy ill and the sick should not be treated as common criminals. They argon only assay to find some peace and serenity in their last days. The struggle an d fight that has been going on for the last 25 years against the Government. The people were eventually heard, with the legalization of Medical Marijuana.The Government wants to regulate everything for their own best interest, the positive effect of decriminalizing marijuana for the terminally ill and the positive economic benefits for our community.marihuana Sativa, Marijuana, Weed, Herb, bloody shame Jane these are just a few names that this little 5 leaf plant goes by. How could this life saving and healing plant get much(prenominal) a bad reputation? When clearly it has nothing entirely positive powers, people all over the world have been using marijuana for thousands of years. Cannabis has been around since the Garden of Eden, it is even mentioned in the Bible. Yes in the Bible, in Exodus (3022-23) Holy take oil, as described in the original Hebrew variance of therecipe in Exodus (3022-23), contained over six pounds of kaneh-bosem, a substance identified by respected etymo logists, linguists, anthropologists, botanists and other researchers as cannabis, extracted into about six quarts of olive oil, along with a variety of other fragrant herbs. The ancient anointed ones were literally drenched in this potent mixture (Bennett, 2010). Marijuana proponents suggest that the recipe for the anointing oil passed from God to Moses included Cannabis, or kaneh-bosem in Hebrew.They point to versions calling for fragrant cane, which they say was mistakenly changed to the plant calamus in the King crowd together Version of the Bible (Kari, 2011). Cannabis was good enough for God and Moses, then how come it is not good enough for us now? The linked States Government wants to be in control and regulate everything we do as a United State Citizens. Marijuana was once considered a pharmaceutical medication utilise for a wide verity of reasons. In fact cannabis has a deep rooted history in what is now known as the United States of America. Christopher Columbus brought Cannabis Sativa to America in 1492 (420 Milestone archives Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010).From 1000 to 1500, the put on of marijuana spread further. In 1619, a law passed in Jamestown Virginia Colony, which undeniable farmers to grow hemp. The French and British grew hemp in Colonies of Port Royal, Virginia, and Plymouth. Marijuana also became a major trade item between Central and south-central Asia during this time (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). The United States also had hot seats who grew cannabis. Yes Presidents, in Mount Vernon, George cap grew hemp as his primary crop in 1797. in any case doubting Thomas Jefferson grew hemp as a secondary crop at Monticello. In 1840, medicines with a cannabis base were available in U.S. pharmacies. Hashish was available in Persian pharmacies (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010).Therefore when did it become a crime to cultivate, possess, consume, and dispense marijuana? In 1906, the Pure Food and medicine behav e was passed in the U.S. and the Food and Drug Administration was formed. This was the first time drugs had any government oversight (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). In 1930, The Federal Government gave control of unlawful drugs to the Treasury Department, they created the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Harry Anslinger a prohibitionist became the first commissionerin 1930, he held that position until 1962. Anslinger declared war on drugs and effectively influence Americas views and thoughts about marijuana (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010). October 2, 1937, Anslinger got Congress to enact the Marihuana Tax Act, which is to imposed registration and reporting requirements and a tax on the growers, sellers, and buyers of marijuana (Eddy, 2010 p.2).In Eddys report he also writes that Dr. William C. Woodward, legislative suggest of the American Medical Association (AMA), opposed the measure. In oral testimony before the Ho delectation Ways and Means Committ ee, he stated that there are evidently potentialities in the drug that should not be shut off by adverse legislation. The medical profession and pharmacologists should be left to develop the use of this drug as they see fit. Two Months later, in a letter to the Senate Finance Committee, he again argued against the actThat there is no evidence, however, that the medicinal use of these drugs cannabis and its preparations and derivatives has caused or is causing cannabis addiction. As remedial agents they are used to an inconsiderable extent, and the obvious purpose and effect of this bill isto impose so many restrictions on their medicinal use as to prevent such use altogether. Since the medicinal use of cannabis has not caused and is not causing addiction, the prevention of the use of the drug for medicinal purposes can accomplish no good end whatsoever.How far it may serve to deprive the public of the benefits of a drug that on further research may prove to be of substantial value, it is important to foresee. Despite the AMAs opposition, the Marihuana Tax Act was approved, causing all medicinal products containing marijuana to be withdrawn from the market and leading to marijuanas removal (Eddy, 2010 p.2).October 2, 1937, On the very day the Marihuana Tax attendant Act was passed the FBI and Denver police raided the Lexington Hotel and arrested two people Samuel R. Caldwell and Moses Baca. Three days later, Caldwell, a 58 year old unemployed laborer, became the first person in the U.S. to be convicted of selling of marijuana without a tax stamp. He was sentence to four years oof hard labor in Leavenworth Penitentiary. Presiding Judge J foster Symes, had previously stated that he considered Marijuana to be the worst of all narcotics and vowed to impose harsh sentences for violations of the Marihuana Tax Act. Caldwell was also fined $1,000 for the two marijuana cigarettes that were found in his possession. Baca, who was his customer, was found guilty of possess ion of Marijuana and was sentenced to 18 months in prison. Both men served their full sentences. Caldwell died a year after his eat up (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010).This is why that we the people stood up, banded together, and formedOrganizations. People became spokespersons, advocates, a voice for the cause. Take for example, dent McWilliams. He is the man I quoted in the beginning. Peter was a self-help author, who advocated for the legalization of marijuana. He wrote over 40 books including How to survive the loss of love, Aint nobodys furrow if I do. Along with poetry and how to use microcomputers. In 1996, he was diagnosed with AIDS and non- Hodgkins lymphoma. Like so many patients suffering from cancer or AIDS, he had extreme difficulty on keeping down the drugs that controlled his illnesses. He began to smoke marijuana to control the drug-induced nausea. It saved his life (US The Life and Death of Peter McWilliams, 2002).NORML, the National Organization f or the Reform of Marijuana Laws, was founded in 1970, as a nonprofit public-interest advocacy group whose mission is to end marijuana Prohibition (Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana, (n.d.), 2011). In 1971, President Nixon declared war on drugs. In 1972,The bipartisan Shafer Commission National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse, appointed by President Nixon at the direction of Congress and chaired by former Pennsylvania Governor Raymond Shafer, considered laws regarding marijuana and determined that personal use of marijuana should be decriminalized. Nixon rejected the pass, but over thecourse of the 1970s, eleven states decriminalized marijuana and most others reduced their penalties (Busted Americas War on Marijuana., 2010).Possession of marihuana for personal use would no longer be an offense, but marihuana possessed in public would remain contraband subject to summary seizure and forfeiture. Casual distribution of small amounts of marihuana for no remuneration, or insig nificant remuneration not involving profit would no longer be an offense (Busted Americas War on Marijuana., 2010). 1973,The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNND) and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE) are merged to form the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) (420 Milestone History Marijuana, (n.d.), 2010).In November, 1976, a Washington, DC man Robert Randall discomfit by glaucoma employed the little-used Common Law Doctrine of Necessity to defend himself against criminal charges of marijuana cultivation (US v. Randall).On November 24, 1976, federal Judge James Washington ruled Randalls use of Marijuana constituted a medical necessity, Judge Washington dismissed criminal charges against Randall. Concurrent with this judicial determination, federal agencies responding to a May, 1976 request filed by Randall, began providing this patient with licit, FDA-approved access to government supplies of medical marijuana. Randall was the first American to receive mariju ana for the treatment of a medical disorder (National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA 1998).1978, New Mexico passed the first state law recognizing the medical value of marijuanaControlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act. Over the next few years, more(prenominal) than 30 statespassed similar legislation. (Scott, 1994). Voters in California pass a state medicalmarijuana initiative in 1996. Known as Proposition 215(45 KB), it permitspatients and their primary caregivers, with a physicians recommendation, to possess and cultivate marijuana for the treatment of AIDS, cancer, muscular spasticity, migraines, and several other disorders it also protects them from punishment if they recommend marijuana to their patients (Joy, PhD. Mack, 2011)The New England Journal of Medicine publishes an editorial written by JeromeP. Kassirer, MD, titled Federal Foolishness and Marijuana. The article states Federal authorities should rescind their prohibition of the medicinal use of marijuana for seri ously ill patients and allow physicians to decide which patients to treat. The government should change marijuanas status from that of a Schedule I drug (considered to be potentially addictive and with no current medical use) to that of a Schedule II drug (potentially addictive but with some accepted medical use) and regulate it accordingly (Kassier, 1997).In January 2004, California passed SB 420, which states the guidelines for increment marijuana. Yes this bill also went through the court system. In May 2008, second district court of appeals ruling in Kelley case that the possession limits set by SB 420 violate the California Constitution because the voters approved Prop 215 can only be amended by the voters. With Prop 215 you can legally be in possession of marijuana and with SB 420 you can legally grow. This has drastically reduce crime in our cities and form a more productive federation through its positive uses. In 2013, medical marijuana is a thriving and growing business for all those involved from the growers, to the caregivers clubs with their green cross symbols above their doors (yes akin the Red Cross, but green) making it possible for the medical community, and the consumer to know they have found the right place. As of this date there is a total of 18 states and DC now known as Medical Marijuana States. With 11 more states pending legalization to legalize medical marijuana. Now legal for others to render and receive this healing and lifesaving plant.Since the Government has allowed each state to listen to its people, and as it stands today marijuana is legal and available for all those who have a recommendation card. Now it is not a crime for the terminally ill and sick to gain access to the medication that they so greatly need to function on day-to-day bases. You might wonder, How do I know so much or even careabout marijuana being legal? I am also a member, because I have a recommendation card. I have had mine for about a year now. My doc tor ordained it for me when I told him I was depressed (over the death of my baby boy Marshall) and I did not want to take any manufactured manmade pill and have to rag about the side effects.Medical marijuana has done the trick for me, I take as need by my doctors direction. I have to say, that it has saved me. Also The Government, State and City get to collect the taxes and the dispensaries make their money and the clients get their much need lifesaving medication. Crime is down and people are employed, and the Government gets to have their say, but in the end We the People were finally heard, and this little plant is finally back where it belongs.To quote one of my favorite comediansIts not a war on drugs, its a war on personal freedom its what it is ok, Keep that in mind at all times. convey you Bill HicksReferencesBennett, C. (2010). Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana. Retrieved from http//medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceid=000143Eddy, M. (2010). Med ical Marijuana Review and Analysis of Federal and State Policies.. Retrieved from Federation of American Scientist/Congressional Research and State dish out Reports http//www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33211.pdfHicks, B. (1996). Lateralus (Album). Retrieved from Tool (Group)Joy, PhD., J., Mack, A. (2011). Marijuana as Medicine Beyond Controversy, 200. Retrieved from http//www.brainz.org/420-milestone-history-marijuanaKari, S. (2011). Historical Timeline Medical Marijuana. Retrieved from http//medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceid=000143Kassier, J. P. (1997). Federal Foolishness and Marijuana. Retrieved from http//www.brainz.org/420-milestone-history-marijuanaMcWilliams, P. (1996). Quotes by Peter McWilliams Finest Quotes. Retrieved from http//www.finestquotes.com/author_quotes_authors-Peter+McWilliams-page-0.html Scott, E. (1994). Marional The Little Synthetic That Couldnt. Retrieved from http//www.druglibrary.org/significate-legal-cases.htlm420 Milestone History Ma rijuana, (n.d.). (2010). Retrieved from http//www.braniz.org/420-milestone-history-marijuanaBusted Americas War on Marijuana. (2010). Retrieved from http//www.pbs.orgHistorical Timeline Medical Marijuana, (n.d.). (2011). Retrieved from http//www.medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceid=000143National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA. (1998). Retrieved from Provision of Marijuana and different Compound for Scientific Research Recommendations of the National Institute on Drug Abuse National Advisory Council, NIDA websiteUS The Life and Death of Peter McWilliams. (2002). Retrieved from http//www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v00/n948/a03.html

Diagram of Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

diagram of Generic Academic Performance monitor System Essay opine 2.0 Context plot of Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System The figure 2.0 represents the two (2) users of the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System namely the executive and the prof. The executive entity shows the capableness to access the system manage broadside by modifying accounts profile managing members account such as creating tonic user profile and updating user profile importing student list intromission of grade criteria generating students grade report and updating website contents. The Professor entity shows the capability on accessing the system managing account profile importing student list defining grade template for grading computation and generating students grade. get wind 3.0 First Entry train entropy Flow Diagram of decision makers Capabilities The figure 3.0 represents the First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator upon successfully logging-in into the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System. He/she has the capabilities to manage modules such as handling members account, importing students list, creation of grade criteria, grade computation and updating website contentsFigure 3.1 moment Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Managing Account for Administrator The figure 3.1 shows the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator on managing members account wherein he/she has the capability to create accounts profile for new professor or associate. He/she also capable on updating existing member account.Figure 3.2 Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Import Student List, Create Criteria, Grading and Website Modules for Administrator Figure 3.2 shows the continuation of the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Administrator. Upon successfully accessing the system, he/she has the capability to import students list and create criteria template to be use for the students grade computations. The Administrator al so has thecapibility to change or update website contents from clients discretion.Figure 4.0 First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram for Professors Capabilities In the Figure 4.0 shown above, it represents the First Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of Professor in the Generic Academic Performance Monitoring System. Same with the Administrator user, the Professor also have the capabilities to update own account profile, import student lists and generate students grade summary.Figure 4.1 Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram on Managing Account, Import Student Lists and Compute Grade Modules for Professor Figure 4.1 shown above presents the Second Entry Level Data Flow Diagram of the Professor upon successfully logging-in into the system. Same with the Administrator user, the Professor is also capable on modifying and updating account profile importing student list defining grade criteria template and generate grade summary of students.

Content-Based Video Retrieval Method

Content-Based Video Retrieval MethodAn Approach for Analyzing learnframes based on Self adjustive Threshold and Scene DescriptorsSuruthi.K, Tamil Selvan.T, Velu.S, Maheswaran.R, Kumaresan.A snareIn this paper, we propose a CBVR ( kernel based scene retrieval) method for retrieving a want object from the abstract impression dataset. Recording and storing enormous inspection exposure in a dataset for retrieving the principal(prenominal) contents of the scene is one of the complicated task in harm of beat and space. Even though, methods are on tap(predicate) for retrieving the main content of a video based on ROI as well as wand values for retrieving background in practiceation pick out frames, determining the threshold values manually is a complex scenario. So, we propose a method, where we use self- adaptative threshold for determining the background information along with the use of several(prenominal) descriptors to make up the efficiency of determining the contents o f the hear frames. We can also use CBVR to retrieve the information of a desired object from our abstract dataset.Keywords Self adaptive threshold, Keyframes, Descriptors, CBVRIntroductionThe process of providing security plays a major component in all shapings these days. This security can be provided in many an(prenominal) ways considering the criticalness of the information being secured. Theses security methodologies include providing manual guards around the perimeter or providing electric fence around the infra anatomical structure or any opposite available effective means of technology available. In spite of the availability of these methodologies, an effective and 247 security could be provided with the help of installation of television cameras at the crucial areas of an organization which should be out of r severally for the humans. The optimal number of cameras to be installed in an environment could be calculated with jimmy to 1. Since these cameras are recording videos with a time scale of 24 hours, the recorded videos are to be stored and analyzed where storing these videos require an enormous database and analyzing these videos require humans to play through the entire video in order to analyze the incidents occurred where the biggest de-merit is that we cannot skip the videos being played since we would miss the important actions when we skip.so, we are in need of a method for extracting the essential events been occurred from the prolonged surveillance videos and storing these events alone in a separate database which would minimize the memory space being utilized for data storage along with minimization of human report to look through the entire videos. We know that the first step in observing videos is to convert it into individual frames or stunt mans since the broadcasting of moving visual images form a video. This can be termed as image retrieval.Image retrieval is the process of retrieving images from an enormous database based on the metadata added to the image which could be said as the annotations. But this annotations arrive some demerits. Annotating images manual is a time consuming work to be done and if images are annotated ambiguously, the user would never scotch the required results no matter the number of times he search the image database. Several methods for automatic image annotations have been under research imputable to the advancement in the field of semantic web and social web applications. In spite of the advancements, there is an effective methodology termed CBIR (content based image retrieval), in which feature extraction is basis. These features represent text based features representing pick outwords as well as annotations whereas visual features correspond to color, texture and faces along with shapes 2. Since, features plays a major role here, when user inputs an input image, the pixel value of these images are compared with all the images prevailing in the database and the res ults given to the user would contain all the images containing a part of the queried image which is an effective way of avoiding annotations to avoid ambiguity. Since we are hatching with videos here, we need an advanced approach from CBIR.2. Related WorkSpeech recognition is an important conc3. Fast forgather Method Based on ROISince users find easy to access online videos easily these days, we are in need of finding an effective way to store and economize enormous amount of video files facilitating easy and quick access for multiple users. In order to support research in this area, Guang-Hua-Song et al have proposed the solid flock based on the region of interest (ROI). The authors have employed the median(a) histogram algorithm for the figure of extracting key frames from each shot. A shot could be defined as the depiction of a particular scene or action. A single shot refers to the action covered by a camera between the start and stop of the recording time which would be normally in the same pitch. The extracted key frames are utilise for the generation of edge maps which collapse the next step in the video abstraction scenario. Based on the above methodologies, the authors have determined the key points. Calculation of threshold values from the individual key frames would be the next step which is done for the purpose of expanding and identifying the area surrounding the key points 9. The authors have proposed the observation of main content in each of the key frame based on the threshold values defined and the concept of key points. As the last-place step of their proposed method, they have utilized the ROIs of the key frames and have performed the fast clustering method on them. The dissimilar methodologies involve before implementing the fast clustering method along with the implementation of fast clustering methodology is explained in the following sections.A. Key frame ExtractionThe representation of video sequence would be in the form o f a hierarchical structure considering the scene, shot and frame contributing different levels on the hierarchy 10. Different researches on video sequences requires the researches to deal with the different levels of the video sequence hierarchy with revere to the information needed for their research. Shot is to be considered first for the purpose of key frame extraction. The shot level is chosen at the hierarch among the other available levels due to certain reasons. The sequence of video frames captured continuously by a camera contributed a shot which also would include the moving objects, panning and zooming in terms of the recording camera. We also have a greatest merit with the shot as the two adjacent shot does not have the same content which would obviously eliminate redundancy. The authors have employed the use of algorithm proposed in 11 for the purpose of extracting key frames. The key frame extraction process also involves the average histogram method. A shot S = of length n is assumed. The kth frame in the assumed shot is represented as . Considering to be the gray level histogram containing L bins could be generated from frame, whereas the calculation of the average histogram H is done based on the following formulaWhere represents the value of the ith frame of frame k. After the extraction of key frame, ROIs are generated by adopting a series of key frame analysis this process is followed by saliency map generation and edge map generation.B. frame in Map DetectionIt is a general concept that we would focus on objects which has a whole shape in the video. So there would be edges deep down these components. We are in need of determining the key points which would be available inside the objects and so determining edges would make our tracking process easier. The authors have used the canny edge detection scenario with respect to 12. This process is followed by the location of key points and generation of ROI.C. Fast ClusteringIn a video se quence, though each shot would be having a different content to portray, some of the shots may look similar to one another in camera angle or facial expression of the people involved or in any other means. Sometimes, a shot would ne manually segmented into many shots and used at different places in a video sequence. The approach of the authors is to make the video sequence compact and thus they have clustered the key frames in order to avoid the redundant frames.Normally, clustering before the entire process of extracting the key frames is done would be of no use since the new frames could not be taken into account. In order to overcome this traditional approach, the authors have used fast clustering in which clustering process starts once the key frame extraction and identifying ROI are done. Even though this approach was good enough to an extent, the authors have not used more than effective descriptors to extract more features from the frames for better observation. In addition to this manually setting the threshold to obtain the background information would not be so effective.4. Application of Self Adaptive Threshold and DescriptorsThough the use of assigning the threshold manually works in a better way, setting the threshold manually is a tall(prenominal) task. So we are in need of an alternate way for setting the threshold which is the adaptive threshold methodology. We propose the use of adaptive threshold in our video abstraction method for the purpose of gaining more knowledge about the objects in the background. In addition to this, we have also made use of several descriptors such as FCTH (Fuzzy Color and Texture Histogram) and SCD (Scalable Color Descriptor). A descriptor is generally used for extracting different kinds of features from an image based on the functionality of a descriptor. Features refers to the different kinds of information that could be extracted from an image which may refer to the color, intensity, pixels, etc. the functiona lity of FCTH and SCD are discussed as followsA. FCTHIn this type of descriptor, fuzzy is used for multitude information about colors which lie between the pure black and pure white. Here, fuzzy is made used of since the general concept of fuzzy is to deal with all possible scenarios (partial true / partial false ) which lies between the True (1) and False (0) values.B. SCD (Scalable Color Descriptor)SCD is used here for the purpose of extracting information about the colors which are scalable. This scalable colors represent colors which are extended to the nearby boundaries and would be available in a different form within that boundary.C. Algorithm Distance VectorWe are using Distance Vector algorithm in this video abstraction process for the purpose of observing the distance travelled by an object in two subsequent frames in order to determine the motion of the object in a more likely scenario which involves the following steps spy and identifying the boundaries of the moving obj ects.Extracting ROI (region of interest) of the object within the frame.Searching for the same object in the next subsequent frame.Detecting boundaries and location of the object.Comparing the location of the object and finding its distance moved from the previous frame to the current frame.Repeating the above steps for all the video frames would enable us to find the moving object distance covered for each frame.Updating the distance vector matrix.The overall methodology of the proposed methodology is shown in manikin 1.Figure 1. Block Diagram of the Proposed MethodologyThis scenario is applied for minimizing the memory complexity in terms of storing and retrieving enormous 247 surveillance videos where recording and storing of the entire video would increase the demand of memory as well as looking through the entire video to verify a crime scene would be a more complex scenario. In order to overcome this complexity, our method extract the key frames from the entire video and stor e it in a desired database where only the distinct images would be available minimizing the work of the user to look through a full length video. In addition to that, saving images would have a memory demand much lesser than the demand of the videos. Since we are using descriptors, more detailed information could be extracted from the images. Self-adaptive threshold enables the user to bestow more details above the objects available in the background which is an added advantage of this methodology. Any sort of frame can be given as a query into the system and the user would get the relevant video containing the respective key frame. If the frame is not available in any of the dataset, user would be shown with an error prompt. This process is termed as CBVR. CBVR is similar to CBIR but differs in a way that user would be given a frame (image) as a result in case of CBIR whereas result would be the entire video in case of CBVR. But in both the cases, data is compared and retrieved ba sed on the contents available in the frames.5. Experimental resultsWe have conducted our taste with videos available in the MATLAB dataset. First step would be the extraction of key frames based on self-adaptive threshold value which is shown in Figure 2.Figure 2. Window for Key frame ExtractionKey frames are extracted and stored in a destined leaflet as shown in the Figure 3. Figure 3. Key frames Stored in the Destined FolderAfter the key frame extraction, the user can input a key frame of their choice and the contents of all the available videos in the dataset are compared and the respective video containing the requested key frame would be prove based on CBVR and retrieved as shown in Figure 4a. The user can click on the play button available at the bottom repair to play the entire video containing the requested key frame. If the requested frame is ot found, the user would be prompted with an error message as shown in Figure 4b.Figure 4a. Video is retrieved based on the queri ed key frame using CBVRFigure 4a. User id prompted with an error message since the requested frame is not foundOur experiment have showed a compromising result with more than 80% accuracy. As explained above, this methodology can decrease the memory space demands and the time of the user to overlook in looking through the entire videos.6. ConclusionIn this paper, we have proposed a methodology for video abstraction based on several descriptors and self-adaptive threshold. This methodology facilitates user to minimize the memory demands and time demands for looking through the videos. Our methodology also makes use of CBVR for retrieving a video based on the contents with respect to the user requested key frame. The only problem that our methodology faces is the time taken for comparison if the key frame to be searched is available in the final video available in the dataset. Our future work is to concentrate on limiting the time space for comparison in a large video dataset.Referen ces1 Tatsuya HiraharaFigure CaptionsFig.1.Optimal Position fo

Teaching English To Children With Learning Disabilities Education Essay

Teaching English To Children With erudition Disabilities raising EssayIntroductionThe initiation we ar living in is undergoing major changes in a stunningly short amount of time. Everything is moving, everything is changing, including all the central systems upon which all civilized societies of the world work. Education systems around the globe argon withal in a constant reformation, trying to keep up with the psyche and collective needs of the people, with the emergence of youthful technologies and with the modernity in general.I have decided to approach the issue of the shaverren with schooling disabilities, teaching English to them, because although the science and the world have evolved rapidly in the last century, it seems that at that place be unbosom aspects of the society that are left alone or who are not given sufficient credit, perhaps from ignorance, or perhaps from unknowing what to do.Why children with learning difficulties? Because they represent a speci al(prenominal) category, which unfortunately is frequently omitted, and children with this condition are often placed in takes where there is no qualified staff to help them grow personally and professionally as they should.For avoiding confusion everywhere what really a learning disability means, in the first chapter of my paper I thought it provide be indispensable to clarify the concept, by offering the definitions of several specialists. In this same chapter I will try to develop some theoretical concepts, such as the detailed description of the term and of the behavior involved, all of which are essential for understanding a student with encyclopedism Disabilities.In the second chapter I aim to discern the circumstances in which English has become in recent decades the international language, and the importance and necessity of learning a foreign language in the socio-politic and economic actual context, oddly for an ex-communist country in developing such the case of R omania is for over twenty years.In the third and final chapter, I will present the various methods and techniques of teaching English as a foreign language ready(prenominal) for the children with learning difficulties, offering examples of several worksheets collected with the support of several English teachers.A short inroad to learning disabilitiesIn this first chapter of my paper I indispensability to analyze the issue of learning disabilities based on specialized readings, to make a brief insight into the history of the field research and an analysis of the featureors vestigial these abnormalities, announcing the features of this problem and some of the ways by which a child with learning difficulties raft be traced in time to be helped.Children across the world brook their true life adventure once they begin school. For each and every one of them it is a long awaited moment and most are up to(p) to perfectly adapt the educational environment. Still, there are some child ren for whom school proves to be a chore the children who are faced with learning disabilities (LD). They represent a special category which unfortunately is often overlooked.Historical overviewThe approach towards children with learning disabilities is not new at all. It make its dismantle from the invention of school, but it was not until the mid-sixties that it was emphasized. The novelty in this area consists of the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) interest shown lately towards children with such a disability and finding ways throughout they can be helped to quash the difficulties encountered while studying, or even through their whole lifetime.The man initiating the term was Samuel Kirk (director of the Federal Office of Educations Division of Handicapped Children between 1963 and 1964 and founding director of the lend for research on Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois) , term which is considered to design a neurological throw out of kilter affecting children of normal intelligence, visible intactness, activated health and medium motivation, but who are cladding troubles in using certain skills and achieving success at school and in everyday life.Defining the term proved to be a complex process and thus, over time galore(postnominal) variants have been proposed by doctors, teachers and separate specialists of the field.In the first edition of his research concerning the education of olympian children in 1962, Kirk provided the following definitionA learning disability refers to a retardation disorder, or delayed development in one or much of the process of speech, language, reading, physical composition, arithmetic, or other school subject resulting from a psychological handicap caused by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/ or emotional or behavioral disturbances. It is not the result of mental retardation, sensory deprivation, or cultural and instructional itemors. (Kirk 263)The definition and the term given by Kirk to desi gn the disorder were immediately embraced by the parents in the first national conference on the subject, hold in the same year because it made it clear that there is a great difference between the mental issue and the learning one. The definition of Kirk also provided a solid foundation for further research and definitions in the field. consort to Turkington and Harris most definitions suggest that learning disabilities are permanent, affect a range of language and mathematics functions, and are caused in part from problems within the central neural system, as stipulated by the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities, an organization formed by 12 agencies within the federal gouvernment in USA in 1987Learning disabilities is a generic term that refers to a heterogenous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening skills, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities, or of social skills. These disorders are intrinsic to the individual and presumed to be due to the central nervous system dysfunction. Even though a learning disability whitethorn occur concomitantly with other handicapping conditions,, a learning disability is not the direct result of those conditions or influences. (ICLD 222)Nowadays, it seems that the most widely used definition is the one include in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act from 2004 (Flanagan, Alfonso), which unlike most definitions, it refers to a proper(postnominal) learning disabilityThe term specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological process involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Such a term includes such conditions as perceptual disabilities, hotshot injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. Such a term does not inc lude a learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, or push disabilities of mental retardation of emotional disturbance or of an environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage. (IDEA, 2004, 602.30, Definitions)The number of students who are in such a situation is much higher than one might think. In England for example 2% of the population has a learning disability according to the British Institute of Learning disabilities, which also mentions the fact that the term learning difficulty is selectred to learning disability, because the society we live in is harsh and often the issue of learning difficulties is misinterpreted and identified with mental problems. Although a learning disability can often accompany such a problem, it is not a rule as specified in the definitions given by Kirk or stated in the IDEA.The distinction between the two terms can be seen rather at a cultural level (Americans prefer using disability and Europeans difficulty) rather to th e specificity of the problemLearning disability- is a general term that refers to individuals who find it harder to learn, understand and communicate. Other terms that are used to describe an individuals situation include complex needs or high support needs. Learning difficulty -is often used in educational settings and refers to individuals who have specific problems. Children and young people requiring special education needs are often described as having a learning difficulty.Throughout the world, learning disabilities affect at least 1 in 10 children. But nowadays a learning disability isnt considered anymore a handicap. People have learned to hire those with such conditions, and the personas from the public life had a great contribution. Apart from the material bodyic examples of Albert Einstein who was unable to speak to the age of three, or the great Demostene who was a puissant public speaker in the ancient times, but who in his youth faced serious problems of stammering, there are also modern public figures who hump freely that at a certain moment in their lives have been confronted with such a malady, such as actor Tom Cruise, singer Cher or director Steven Spielberg.Causes of learning disabilitiesThe exact causes leading to these compositors cases of disabilities have not been clearly stated by specialists in their research. However, some reference was established for both parents and for teachers I order to use them in diagnosing children with LD.There are several factors that could possibly be blamed for such a disorder. Among these, the most important to believe are genetic factors, organic factors and environmental factors.Genetic factorsEvidence has shown that learning problems run in families. The odds that a child is learning-disabled are much higher when the in the family was previously reported at least one such case.There are maternal factors such as the use of drugs, alcohol or tobacco during pregnancy that have negative effects it is well-know that mothers who smoke during pregnancy for example, are more likely to bear small babies, who are at a higher risk for learning disabilities poor prenatal medical care and nutrition and prenatal injury or delivery complications can also be responsible.Organic factorsOrganic factors refer to dysfunctions that may appear in the central nervous system and damage the brain known as token(prenominal) Brain Dysfunctions.Environmental factorsThere are several factors in the childs environment thought to affect his abilities of learning, such as nutritional deficiencies, inadequate learning deliver or environmental toxins such as mercury or dioxins released into the childs body within his first year of life.For example, in economic deprived families there exist the possibility the child is never given the opportunity to go to school, and so he is a stranger to the domain of linguistic and cognitive activities. Unfortunately, such cases are becoming more and more common, espe cially in poor or developing countries.When it comes to the experience achieved in schools, researchers agree that poor quality teaching in schools may also cause a learning disability. There are cases when the use of inappropriate materials or a teaching style that does not pass on the learner enough time to acquire basic skills, moving too fast can contribute to the unsuccessful activity of the student.There are many cases when students are labeled unconsciously by their teachers or peers as organism lazy or stupid, but in fact their only problem is that their brains are designed to process reading differently. Myrna Orenstein thinks these children are smart but stuck.So far there no treatment has been found to cure this condition, but children can be helped to learn successfully with the appropriate support from both parents but especially from teachers. However, it is necessary for a learning disabled child to be observed in time.How do we recognize a learning disabled child ?Because types of LD vary from child to child, so do the symptoms. Yet, there are some peculiarities in each case which can be very useful to the parents in the process of identifying this disorder, because after all they are usually the ones who first noticed abnormalities in their children.According to Siegel, there are some gestures and moves that a child should be able to do in the first years of life, upon which the pediatricians agreeA one-year-old should be able to reach for objects, roll over, stand with some support, follow objects, laugh, respond to no, and use a crayon. By the age of two, a child should respond to other children, walk, use some words, recognize familiar persons, forefront, and understand some simple shapes. A three-year-old should be able to move easily and go up stairs, be understood when speaking, use scissors, and draw pictures. By the age of four, a child should be able to catch a ball, copy shapes, count, identify some colors, sever without help, a nd play appropriate with peers. (Siegel,28)The first signs that parents and educators should be concerned of are1. Children often prefer to get isolated, they are shy, insecure, avoid playing with other children or share things.2. The child has difficulties understanding and follows different instructions or memory issues, such as not remembering what he is saying.3. He/She has difficulty distinguishing the left from the right, in identifying words or has an emphasized tendency to reverse letters, words, or numbers.4. He/ She lack coordination while walking, in sports or much easier activities such as safekeeping a pencil in the hand or tying his/her shoe lace.5. Often, the child fails to understand the concept of time, is confused regarding yesterday, today and tomorrow.Obviously, the early the disorder is discovered, the break-dance for the child, because we all know it is better close outing than remediating further effects. But if the child has already entered school without being referd with a LD, then the signs should be more obvious for those adjoin him because he usually draw attention to himself1. He/she might get confused and wander homework, school books and other things.2. The appearance of disruptiveness when in school- some LD children ceaselessly bother, distract or in some way disrupt others-even the entire class. Their behaviour differ- some get engaged in some type of physical contact which disturbs classmates, while others make faces, talk or laugh at inappropriate times.(Blanton 29)3. The child might have difficulties paying attention or staying focused, in process, understanding, and expressing information through language.(Siegel 29)4. He/ She might have trouble copying or getting ideas onto paper.5. He/ she isnt very skilful, but it is usually creative in his/ her own way, and it is considered to be a constant source of amazement and delight by their teachers.Although at a first view it may seem a minor problem, the misdiagnosing of a LD child, or worse, ignoring his condition can lead to catastrophic effects later in his teenager or adult life.There are statistics which showed that juvenile delinquency can be easily associated with learning issues. Also, the child that is not being properly treated and helped and considered to be a laisser faire at school, may later abuse drugs or alcohol to pass more easily over the issue.When the world is as black as theirs is, anything that will allow a few hours of pleasure is welcomed. Suicide of course, is the ultimate out. But its rare. (Stevens 59)Testing for learning disabilitiesMany specialists refuse to test preschoolers for such condition, considering that they should first come into contact with the school environment and achieve some sort of results, and only after this basic steps they can further determine if a child needs therapy or not.Others, on the other hand, say otherwise, the statistics showing that a set and careful testing may have an accuracy of 8 2% to 95% in ascertain whether a child aged five or fewer is dealing with LD. On the other hand, those who suffer from severe Attention Deficit Disorder, commonly associated with a specific learning disability can be more easily recognized even before starting kindergarten.Indeed, it is difficult to determine if a child under school age is learning-disabled. What is certainly though is the fact that no learning- disabled child should be ignored and that he should be given the necessary support beginning his early days of school.According to New and Cochran, another important factor standing in the way of the diagnosis of LD in children is the fact that learning problems or developmental delays can be precursors of other cognitive, behavioral, sensory, or developmental disorders, not just a learning disability.(New, Cochran,481)In order to diagnose children with LD there have been conceived a series of achievement tests meant to verify the intellectual and practical skills of the ch ildren.An achievement test represents a standardized measure of knowledge, information, or adjectival learning which may asses general academic areas such as reading, writing, or mathematics, used by school systems to provide a standard measure of individual student performance, and to provide an aggregated measure of performance that enables school systems to evaluate their effectiveness. Achievement testes are also used as part of the diagnosis estimation of individuals to determine whether they have a learning disability and qualify for special education services. (Turkington and Harris 4)Types of specific learning disabilitiesThere are several types of Learning Disabilities that prevent young students to lead a normal life both at school and outside, which may be related to the organization, storage and subsequent description of the information or knowledge gathered in the classroom.1. Dyslexia is the first general term used to describe various learning problems. Eventually, these problems were subdivided and categorized to describe different learning disabilities. Because of this matter, Davis and Braun referred to dyslexia as the Mother of Learning Disabilities. Nowadays, the term designs only the disability related to reading.Characteristics of dyslexic studentsThe main problem of a dyslexic is that he is facing troubles reading words fluentlyDyslexics are more curious than average studentsStudents may find it easier to think mainly in pictures instead of words more or less dyslexics have a vivid imaginationDyslexics are highly intuitive.Famous Dyslexics Hans Christian Andersen, Winston Churchill, Leonardo da Vinci, Jay Leno.2. Dyscalculia refers to problems of arithmetic and math nature, which are considered to be caused by a visual perceptual deficit.Characteristics of students with dyscalculiaAt an early age they have problems organizing things logically, such as separating round objects from square onesThey have difficulties when learning to cou nt or align numbersThey often have problems recognizing printed numbersThey have persistent issues in learning number facts such as multiplication tables or doing even the simplest numerical tasksThey have difficulties dealing with time and money notions.3. Dysgraphia is the type of learning disability manifested through a writing disorder resulting in illegibility and of which cause is still unknown to this time.Acccording to Maria Chivers, there are two types of dysgraphiaa. Phonological dysgraphia- writing word as a pure sound spelling which is incorrect (especially seen on language learners).b. Visual dysgraphia- writing words, which are correctly spelt apart from some letters being reversed (ex brink instead of drink).Characteristics of students who are facing dysgraphiaAt an early age they avoid writing and drawingThey have trouble shaping the lettersIt can be observed an inconsistent lay between their letters or wordsThey often mixt cursive and print writingThey pronounce w ords out loud while writing.4. Dyspraxia also known as the sensory integration disorder, is specific to students who have problems with motor coordination.Characteristics of students with dyspraxiaYoung learners may have problems with picking up small items during a sport class they may fall over for no apparent reasonThey have problems following instructions, reading mapsThey can change hand very often when writing because they are confused about whether to use their right or leftThey have problems telling the time.5. Central auditory processing disorder- consists of a difficulty processing and remembering language-related tasks.Characteristics of studentsThey are unable to take notes in classThey have difficulties in listening instructions and thus doing what they are being askedThey cant centralise when someone is talking to follow the words in their correct orderThey face great troubles when trying to learn a foreign language.6. Non-verbal learning disordersThe students who f all in this category are usually having troubles understanding nonverbal cues as body language or the association of pictures with words. They normally lack coordination, and thus, are being very clumsy.7. Visual perceptual/ visual motor deficit- students have problems copying accurately, they complain about eye itching, they struggle with cutting things.8. Language disorders, also referred to as aphasia or dysphasia are described as problems of students who are having troubles understanding and using spoken or written language.Language disorders represent the most common type of learning disabilities.Characteristics of students with a language-based disabilityThey have troubles expressing their ideas clearlyThey may have problems learning the alphabet, new vocabulary and understanding questionsThey have difficulties writing from dictation if the teachers lips cannot be seen.All of the above mentioned learning disabilities can be also included in the category of students dealing wit h memory disorders.Most of the characteristics of these students can be also found among the description of the others disabilities, such asInconsistency of the student when learning new informationThe inability of them to follow instructionsThe inability of delivering a correct message.The difficulty remembering what has been said or asked from them in class.ConclusionsThroughout my whole paper I aimed to draw attention on students with learning difficulties, trying to point out the key elements of this condition and what should be considered when dealing with such children. I have tried to address myself especially to future teachers, the young generation, to whom is in their indicator to change the mentality and traditional methods so widely used in schools at the moment and which unfortunately fail to meet the students needs.To be able to finagle with a student with Learning Disabilities, informing and training the parents and teachers is essential in order to provide solution s to specific issues related to the disability, targeting especially the teaching methods, behavior forethought strategies, as well as elements that can lead to the development of the collaboration between the school and the family, and, if required, the medical community.Along with behavioral intervention strategies, a limpid set of educational methods adapted to the condition are required. Also, it is recommended that this set of interventions and approaches to be backed up by individual and family counseling. In terms of action principles and solutions for teachers, especially for the beginners, I tried to devote an entire chapter, the final one, because it was actually my goal from the very beginning to help to the development of new techniques , able to bear the special needs of a child with learning difficulties.Works citedAndrews, J. E., Carnine, D. W., Coutinho, M. J., Edgar, E. B., Forness, S. R., Fuchs, L. S., et al.(2000). Bridging the special education divide. Remedial and Special Education, 21, 258-260, 267.Anderson, P. L., Meier-Hedde, R. (2001). Early case reports of dyslexia in the United States and Europe. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34, 9-21.Anonymous. (1966). Minimal brain dysfunction in childrenTerminology and identification.Washington, DC U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.Association for Children with Learning Disabilities. (1986). ACLD definition Specific learning disabilities. ACLD Newsbriefs, 15-16.Barsch, R. H. (1967). Achieving perceptual-motor efficiency A infinite oriented approach to learning.Seattle, WA Special Child Publications.Lyon, G. R. (1995a). Toward a definition of dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 45, 3-27.

The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button | Adapting literature

The Curious effect Of genus Benzoin Button Adapting literatureLife would be infinitely happier if we could barely be born(p) at the develop of 80 and gradually approach 18. This quote from Mark Twain inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald to write his shortstop bosh The Curious Case of genus Benzoin Button in 1922. Just recently, in 2008, it has been adapted as a motion picture pictorial matter directed by David Fincher with great success.Thither deem been m all adaption of literature into film and the quality of the outcome as well as the number of parallels to the original work often differ greatly. The Curious Case of benjamin Button is a genuinely extreme example and for a great time the nouvelle wasnt raze considered to possibly be turned into a mental picture due to the lack of techniques to have the reversed aging process of benzoin Button seem real.I found the idea of living life backward and the difficulties and experiences which argon linked to such an extraordinary p henomenon rattling appealing. Therefore I wanted to find out more than about it and read the short story The Curious Case of Benjamin Button by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Even though book and film differ in several ship canal, the main idea is the comparable and so fascinating that I decided to do my research paper on comparing the book with the movie.B I As we will see, the movie is a very loose adaption of the book, basically, the only consistent occurrence in both the movie and the book is Benjamin Buttons unusual, reversed aging process. Yet non steady this is completely similar while the books character of Benjamin Button has the mental age of 80 at the end of his life, the movies dis stupefyment gives Benjamin the oral sexset of an infant trapped in an 80 year old body.FilmThe story starts at the day when Hurricane Katrina hits New Orleans. At this very day Daisy Williams is waiting in a New Orleans hospital on her deathbed for her end to come. There with her is her daughter Caroline, who stands by her and reads to her mum out harsh-voiced of a diary given to her by a art object called Benjamin. His m early(a) died by giving birth to him. Now the difference to all the former(a) immature babies is that he was old and wrinkled. Thomas Button, his bewilder, horrified of his intelligence leaves him on the doorsteps of an elder care-home. Where Queenie a black NANNA? Takes him in and treats him wish well her own son. Benjamin converges in well even though of his young age he looks as old as most of the residents. Soon Benjamin realizes that he is bodilyly development junior not honest-to-god. SZENE . Early in his life, he meets Daisy, the woman of his life which he first meets when shes a young child. Both lives go different ways and some time their paths even cross each other. Until they finally can manage to make a life together, which however because of there different fates isnt of a long duration. (QUELLE)BookBenjamin Button was born in 186 0 in a hospital in Baltimore. But not as a baby, he had the mind and step upance of an old man in his 80s. Mr Roger Button, Benjamins bewilder, is member of a eminently respectable family and the president of Roger Button Co., Wholesale Hardware. Because of his high social stipulation he has difficulties accepting his son for who he was. He tries to build up the illusion that his son is in no nerve different from any other person. The times society cared a lot for conformity and therefore had very little tolerance for this curious case of Benjamin Button. Benjamin still lives a very full live just in a different kind of way. He ages backwards at the same rate as everybody else is getting older. In 1880 Benjamin Button is twenty years old (but appears approximately 50) and meets and fall in love with Hildergarde the beautiful daughter of General Moncrief. Hildegarde turns out to be attracted to older men and six month later against all moral standards because of their great age difference the get conjoin and even have a son called Roscoe.While Benjamin is getting younger Hildegarde is getting older, and he short looses interest in her He wondered what possible fascination she had ever exercised over him.(p.37) Benjamin goes rack up to fight in the Spanish American War, as he returns home he appears about the same age as his own son, Roscoe. growing younger everyday he attends Harvard University at the age of 18. After Benjamin graduates he is young enough to go to prep school, until he ends up beeing playmates with Roscoes son. Without universe able to stop the reversed ageing process he goes to kindergarden until he finally is even too young for that. As he grows younger and younger he looses the memory of his entire past life until ..it was all dark(p.52)While the plotline is a complete different one when comparing book and film, there are however obstacles Benjamin Button has to overcome during his lifetime. In the book mainly because of the n onacceptance of society and in the movie because ofII b One main theme in the book is how a clean born baby, physically and mentally in his 80s, is accepted into society. In the short story, which plays in 1860(first few lines), Benjamin is born in the hospital and right from the beginning one can see how Benjamin is considered to be beneath social standards of that time. When Mr Button arrives at the hospital, the posit even worries about his own reputation Do you imagine a case like this will help my professional reputation?One more would ruin meruin anybody. (Page 4). Mr Button still unsuspecting of what happened has to realize, that the doctor who brought himself into the world and had been the familys physician for over 40 years, has no interest in seeing any of the Buttons ever again as he makes clear by saying Im through with you I dont want to see you or any of your relatives ever again Good-bye (Page 4)It is not only the doctor who is upset and hostile. It seems like the whole hospital is worried because of this unusual event..The hospital will never regain its unflawed reputation later-(Page 6) complaint the nurse seconds before she showed Mr Button the way to his new born child.The fact that his new born baby actually is an old man outrages Mr. Button to a degree, that he even calls his own son an imposter and lier (page 8). This shows very well how the society back then reacts to phenomenons which do not fit their norms and believes.From this moment on, Roger Button does every issue in his power to threat Benjamin appropriate to his age. He wants to hold in the old age of Benjamin a secret and even approximates further what the best solution would be to do so.If, say, he could only find a very large boys suit, he might cut off that long and awful beard, dye the white hair brown, and thus manage to c erstal the worst, and to retain something of his own self-respect not to mention his position in Baltimore society .Roger Button is determin ed to keep his illusion alive and deny the obvious which is do very clear by the following words Benjamin was a baby, and a baby he should remain(page 15)What the mishap would have cost the Buttons and their kinsfolk socially cannot be determined (page 17) But the citys attention is very soon drawn onto other things the outbreak of the Civil War.By the age of twelve Benjamins parents got used to him and even felt that he was not any different from other children. This was the time when Benjamin was not troubled by society because of his appearance. later(prenominal) in the book though he has once again troubles to find his place in society. This occurs when Benjamin Button who just passed his entrance examination to Yale college is called into the Yale registrars self-confidence to receive his schedule. Benjamin cant die his hair before he enters the office and therefore cant hide his elderly appearance. The registrar first thought hed be talking to Mr Roger Button. As Benjamin m ade is case clear and insists on his age of eighteen, once again Benjamin meets with his curse he has to deal with since his birth.The idea the registrar shouted. A man of your agetrying to enter here as a freshman. Eighteen years old, are you? swell,Ill give you eighteen minutes to get out of town. (Page 23)Being unable to gain a prim education at college because of the social inacceptance of his case he starts working for his fathers company Roger Button Co. During this time, Benjamin also starts to mingle with society and meets the daughter of General Moncrief, HildegardeIt whom he marries 6 months later. The story of Benjamins birth is being remembered again but many stories were made up such as Benjamin was really the father of Roger Button, that he was his brother who had been in prison for forty years(page 31) Therefore the real story is forgotten or just so unbelievable that nobody believes it, not even his own wife.Many years Benjamin is able to life a happy life without having to worry about his physical aging process which makes him appear younger by the day, until he comes back from the Civil War to his wife and has to face that his ever younger appearance drives his wife nuts, she honestly believes its his way of pettish her and she is in the illusion that he could stop his aging process any time he wants.But, Hildegarde, I cant help it.You can too. Youre simply stubborn. You think you dont want to be like any one else. (page 37)After that point, the gab between them begins to widen. Benjamin keeps getting younger until he is a young boy. He receives a letter from the army asking him, since he served as an officer with a higher rank during the Spanish-American War to go back into service. He sees this as an opportunity to go back in time and do the duty he once enjoyed so much. Again society does not comply with his intentions. He arrives at the headquarters where he is turned down and sent home considered a little boy who wanted to play soldi er.This also is the last dispute concerning the aspect of society and Benjams process of becoming younger. From that moment on Benjamin continues living his life backwards going back to kindergarden then under a nannys custody getting younger and younger until hes finally gone.The skit of Benjamin Button is that the need for social self-preservation plays such a big role,that it blinds everyone from seeing Benjamins fate for what it is, and for accepting him for the person he is. Fitzgerald criticizes the community of the upper class whos reputation mainly is secured throughout conformity and their status is determend by their wealth.The social aspect or concerns about someones reputation and how its influencing the book however is almost absent in the whole movie. In the film, Benjamin appears like a child, but his appearance still is so shocking to Mr. Button (PHOTO) that he grabs the baby wanting to get rid of him. It seems like he even attempts to retch the little baby into t he river. (957) The appearance of a police officer stops that thought and he leaves Benjamin with 18 Dollars on the steps leading to a New Orleans boardinghouse for the elderly , the Nolan House (QUELLE), where Queenie, takes him in and raises him like he was her own child, hes accepted right away. There is no hint in the movie that Mr Button gave his son away for any other reason than his outer appearance .Mr ButtonI thought you were a monster (14323)cIn the movie, Benjamin Button has to overcome several obstacles linked to his reversed aging process such as witnessing people constantly dying in front of his eyes during his earlier time in the Nolan House, where death was a common visitor. (2503) When Benjamin talks about his process about getting younger with one of the residents living in the Nolan House. Its made pretty clear by the words of the resident what heavy burden he has to carry upon his shoulders. Well I feel sorry for you, you have to see everybody you love die befor e you do, its an aweful responsibility(5247).In the movie theres a love story which helps to understand what it direction to live a life backwards like Benjamin does. He meets Daisy who is the grandchild of Miss Fall and sometimes comes to visit her over the weekends at the Nolan House. Benjamin falls in love with Daisy from the first time he saw her (3647) But her being only 10 and him physically in his 70s and the mentally young age of both makes a romance impossible at least for this moment. It turns out to be a love story which develops slowly, over the course of many decades. At the age of 17, Benjamin goes on a long intense trip on a tugboat. Even though Daisy and Benjamin write each other constantly, many years pass until they meet each other again in the Nolan House in 1945 when Benjamin is 26 years old. Even though Daisy makes strong suggestions to sleep with Benjamin, he turns her down for the reason that she is to be leaving the next morning. This incident though is not important for the aspect which is discussed here. Its mentioned here only for the better understanding of the plotline.However in spring 1962, 19 years later Daisy and Benjamin meet again in New Orleans at the Nolan House where they both fall in love with each other at once.The fact that Daisy is many years older than Benjamin seems to be extraneous for quite a long time until the reality of his curse pops back into his life. Daisy gets pregnant and Benjamin asks himself the question How can I be a father when Im heading in the other direction? Even though his wife knows the consequences she gives him words of encouragement and insists that they will somehow make it work. But life doesnt forever go according to ones wishes, therefore not long after the baby is born Benjamin realizes that his son needs a father and not a playmate. He makes a very tough decision and goes away, leaving his wife and daughter with enough money to live a peachy life. Giving up the love of his life is probably the biggest obstacle Benjamin has to overcome because of his reversed aging process.SETTINGIII aCharactereIn the short story Benjamin is born as an old man apparently about seventy years of age.(p.7) He has almost white hair and a long smoke-colored beard(p.7) Benjamin starts out with a lot of demanding and complaining. Just born and still in the hospital he announces This is a fine place to keep a youngster of quiet tastes. With all this yelling and howling, I havent been able to get a wink of sleep. I asked for something to eat.(p.9) He also doesnt act anything like a baby. When he is alone he secretely smokes cigares and finds more interest in an encyclopedia than in kids toys.(FOOTNOTE) Instead of playing with children of his age he finds more pleasure in sitting and talking to his grandfather. Benjamin occassionally breaks things on purpose to create the illusion beeing a universal baby just to delighten his father. he only did these thing because they were expected of him, and because he was by nature obliging.(p.18) This is also the reason why he dies his hair and shaves his beard, he tries to please everybody around him even if hes not gentle with it. Aging backwards for Benjamin means to overcome many obstacles as shown above and still Benjamin always keeps his dignity and never complains about his faith. Benjamin, once he left the hospital, took life as he found it.(p. 17) As Benjamin gets older, or younger for this matter, he turns out to be very effectual and succesfull in what he does. Not only did he graduate from Havard University but also made his fathers company way more profitable due his new ideas. He also becomes an expert in dancing and great in playing golf. During his army time in the Spanish-American War in 1898 he becomes a lieutenant-colonel. He was slightly wounded, and received a medal. Benjamin also becomes more and more attracted by the gay side of life. He was dancing with the prettiest of the young married women, an d chatting with the most popular of the dbutantes.1912 though is a turning point in Benjamins life. His glory years seem to be over now- as his physical appearance now is the one of a sixteen year old teenager his mental ability grows back as well. And therefore his social status is following the same process, he finds himself much alone, except for the companionship of three or four fifteen-year-old boys in the neighborhood. Now at the end of his life he behaves and thinks the way he was supposed to during his early years. He reads little boys stories and for him now playing with little stripes was the most fascinating game in the world.(p.49). He is a little boy now and he was very happy(p.49) Slowely he starts to forget no token came to him of his brave days at college, of the glittering years when he was flustered the hearts of many girls. And then he remembered nothing.In the movie Benjamin starts his life by looking like a normal baby except for his skin which is heavily wrin keled, just like the skin of an old person. He cries like any other baby but after a closer examination by the doctor they find out that his health condition is rather in a state which can be found by elderly people than by a newborn child. Details then bookaccommodatingFather In the story Benjamins dad is very look right from the beginning. He is a succesfull man and helds a high position, both social and financial. And therefore is always concered about other peoples opinions of him. He seems to not be very open for things he doesnt understand or he doesnt believe in. Which is shown by his attempt raising his son Benjamin the normal way, which is only made possible through illusions he built for himself to avoid the confrontation with the truth. He has a hard time accepting Benjamin as his son until he gets older which is either because of Benjamins trumendous success with the company (It was mainly due him that the family fortune was doubled chpt. 7) or due to the fact that Benj amin finally appears younger than his dad.In the movie however his name is Thomas Button. He also is the head of a successful Button company, but he doesnt seem too implicated about what other people think about him, he even seems like a man without any scruble by abondoning his son just because of his appearance. Later in the movie it accured that Mr Button is sick and his time on earth is very limited. He wants to make up for everything and regrets his mistakes. He tells Benjamin that he was his father and furthermore tells him that he should never have abondoned him (13437). Though the apolgy was long overdue and what he did unforgivable this small move still makes him a sympathic character at the end.Mother While in the book the cause is alive there isnt anything else mentioned about her. In the movie however Benjamins biological mother dies giving birth to Benjamin. At her place steps Queenie, his black surrogate mother. This character is very strong and independant, its bas ically her who runs the whole Nolan House with all its elderly residents. Which also shows how responsible and caring she is. Her joyfull acting and her supportiveness towards Benjamin thouroughout the movie makes her a loveable character.

The Notebook Essay -- Film Movie Notebook Essays Movies

The Notebook is a phenomenal film with incredible performances and many heartfelt moments from beginning to end. It is a applaud story that many of us fantasize of living someday. The story unfolds in recent times at a Nursing home with the introduction of an gray lady (Gena Rowlands) who is being visited by an old man, known as Duke (James Garner), who also resides in the nursing home, and hes there to read her a story. He begins to read nigh a young girl named Allie (Rachel McAdams) who was visiting a cousin one summer in the late 1940s. Allie was a beautiful teenage girl who at long last caught the eye of Noah (Ryan Gosling), her cousins boyfriends best friend. Initially, she showed no interest in Noah, considering the fact that she was a well rounded rich girl, and Noah, a poo...

The Internet :: Internet Web Cyberspace

The InternetIn 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for link up packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked com hurlers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was cognize as the Internet. The system of protocols which was developed everywhere the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). (I got my information for the history of the mesh at www.isoc.org In 1986, the U.S. case Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the suppuration of the NSFNET which, today, give ups a major backbone communication service for the Internet. With its 45 megabit per seco nd facilities, the NSFNET carries on the order of 12 billion packets per month between the networks it links. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Department of Energy contributed additional backbone facilities in the form of the NSINET and ESNET respectively. In Europe, major international backbones such as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity to over one hundred thousand computers on a large number of networks. Commercial network providers in the U.S. and Europe are beginning to expand Internet backbone and access support on a competitive basis to any interested parties. One positive issue about the meshwork is that it is so much easier to buy or even sell things like on eBay. If you find something that you want to sell you dont have to put it in the news paper you can put it on the web where you would have a much better chance of selling it. My resource for this is www.ebay.com another(prenominal) positive thing is if you need to talk to som ebody on the phone that is another state and you dont want to pay long blank space billing and if they got the internet you can just get onto a chatroom and talk for free. My resource for this is www.msn.com. Plus another positive issue about the internet is you can meet new people. I know a girl who met a guy on the internet and they have been dating now for over 2 years and plan to get married.Some bad issues about the internet is that if you do happen to meet a person online you never genuinely know who they are unless you meet them in person because the internet can only allow you to talk to them it cant let you meet them.